Classical

This music genre can be named secular or liturgical music. The music of the Europe mainly developed from out of European popular kinds of music. It borrowed a system of staff notation.
Generally, composers used the Western staff notation to appoint the speed, meter, individual rhythms and pitch to the performer. But this set less space for improvisation and individual ornamentation. There are no such things in the Japanese and Indian classical music.
But the term "classical music" did not exist till 19th century. This term appeared with a purpose to glorify the period of great composers such as Beethoven and Bach. The earliest reference to the term was detected in 1836 in the Oxford English Dictionary.

Typical characteristics of classical music
Classical music has a bi quantity of different form, genres, styles and characteristics. Thus it could be very hard to count all the characteristics of this genre. Classical music contains the characteristics that other genres have as well. Nevertheless, classical music has some properties that no other genres include. Classical music has a wide range of instruments to create the pitches rich and deep sound.
The progress in classical music is caused by the modification and invention of musical instruments. In the beginning of classical music development, composers became to write for orchestras or for chamber music. The well known kind of classical music that utilizes the voice of human is Opera. Almost all the instruments serving the classical music were invented before the 19th century. There were mainly the instruments from the orchestra and some solo instruments such as organ, harpsichord and piano as well.
Moreover, in 20th century, new instruments such as electric guitar appeared in classical music.

Classical music experimented with electronic instruments as other music genres.
The musicians from classical and popular music experimented with electronic instruments. They usually used synthesizer, computer generated sounds of different cultures. The bass instruments did not exist before the Renaissance period. There were two types of musical instruments in medieval music: quiet instruments, which were used indoor and loud instruments for outdoor and church usage.
A lot of popular music instruments such as vihuelas, hurdy-gurdies and some woodwind instruments were borrowed from early classical music. Nevertheless, some popular music instruments such as acoustic guitar were widely used in classical music in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Various temperaments were used for early period's music. English Renaissance was always utilized a mean tone temperament. A piano keyboard layout was used as a common. We can refer to the common keyboard layout the next instruments: harpsichord, clavichord, organ, electric piano and piano itself. Nevertheless, these instruments are played with different techniques usage.

The classical music can take different forms such as opera, dance music, suite, ?tude, symphonic poem, concerto, symphony, and sonata. Some classical music composers try to mix an emotional content with the intellectual means. Some composers use a musical development. Thus a musical motif and idea can be repeated in various contexts and modified forms.
For example the rigorous forms of musical development are used for the fugue and sonata.

The technical mastery is the main goal of the composers and classical music performers. There are a lot of classical music schools such as secondary music schools and conservatories. There are some possibilities of the secondary education in jazz schools in the Western world.

It demands a high mastery to perform a classical music repertoire. The classical music's performers should have mastery in ensemble playing, sight-reading, understanding of tonal principles, and performance practice knowledge. The complexity of the classical music contains the phrasing, thematic development, harmonization, modulation, musical form and texture.
Musical analysis has a goal to gain the understanding of the composition. It takes people to a better understanding and appreciation of the style if the composer.
Classical music is used in TV programs, movies background and advertisement. Thus some people listens classical music, but do not know about that. This fact marks an actuality of classical music in the different spheres of human lives.

Some historical facts
As we know, classical music developed in Medieval and Renaissance times. Classical music has made a big trip and evolution during it. It came to us and continued to develop and create new subgenres.
The early Christian liturgical music was a good basis for the West classical music development. The roots of classical lie in Pythagoras and Aritoxenus time. Pythagoras, for example was the first person, who created a tuning system. Thus he codified a musical notation. The old Greek instruments created the basis for up to date musical instruments evolution. Greeks invented lyre and aulos. Lyre - a string instrument that looks like a little harp. Aulos - an ancient Greek reed instrument.
The first king of the Medieval music was the monophonic music that dominated in 1100. Thus later the polyphonic music developed on the basis of the monophonic. The polyphonic music was more complex and multi voiced.
The period of Renaissance can be characterized by the variety of the instruments, different melodic lines and bass instruments usage. At those times, classical music became to accompany the dance. Thus social dances became quite popular. There were stringed musical instruments of that time such as the viele, lute, harp and psaltery. The wind instruments consisted of the shawm, trumpet, and the bagpipe. The first keyboard instruments appeared at that time as well. There were such keyboard instruments as harpsichord and clavichord.

There were a lot of norms of composition, style and presentation. People listen to the brilliant composers such as Mozart, Bach Liszt and Paganini till this time. Academics and composers researched the theory of classical music and technique. Thus up to date people can learn it in all details. Present time classical music uses some elements and materials from popular music. Moreover, some classical music composers utilized the folk music in their creative works. It helped to reflect some national flavor and traditions. The well known composers such as Dvo??k and Smetana have made that as well.
Some issues of the classical music are used commercially. Television uses some pieces by Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik, Mussorgsky's A Night on Bald Mountain, Vivaldi's Four Seasons, Rimsky-Korsakov's Flight of the Bumblebee and Aaron Copland's Rodeo. People that are interested in classical music can study it in the universities or colleges. A lot of parents want their children to have classical music from a very young age. For some people, classical music is an issue of self-discipline. Some persons just enjoy the classical music.

Classical music continues to develop with the help of high tech and there are all the time different people that like to listen to classical music.